Timeline+of+Instability

Afghanistan's Timeline of Instability:



 **1926:** Afghanistan is declared a monarchy by King Amanullah Kahn and begins a state of modernization to limit the power of the Jirga. [1]

 **1929:** King Amanullah was removed and exiled and Mohammed Nadir Shah took over the throne. [2]

 **1933:** Mohammed Nadir Shah is assassinated and his son Zahir Shah takes over and continues the modernization of Afghanistan. [1]




 * Right to attend Universities
 * Job Opportunities increased
 * Marriage laws are reformed
 * Westernization is promoted

 **1939-1945 (World War II):** Afghanistan avoided occupancy by the Allied forces. [2]


 * Italian and German Nationals that were assisting Afghanistan’s Modernization project were exiled in 1941 by under Joint-Anglo pressure by the Soviets
 * Remained neutral in World War II [2]

 **1947:** Partition of British India [2]
 * British India separates into Pakistan and India
 * Border disputes with the Pushtans begin
 * Pakistan initiated a blockade of Afghanistan

 **1953:** King Zahir Shah appoints his cousin Mohammed Daoud as Prime Minister. [1]

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;"> **1955:** Afghanistan turns to Soviet Union for economic and military assistance. [2]
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 25px;">Soviet union offers $1.5 billion for the development projects

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;"> **1956:** Afghanistan becomes allies with the Soviet Union pitting them against Pakistan and the United States. [1] [2]

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;"> **1964:** Prime Minister Mohammed Daoud is forced to resign and King Zahir Shah constructs a new constitution. [2] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;"> **1973:** Former Minister Mohammed Daoud seizes control of the government in a coup lead by key military leaders. [1]
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 25px;">Womens' rights advocated


 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 25px;">Abolished the Monarchy and installed himself as President

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">1978 ** <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 35px;">**:**
 * <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 30px;">Afghan communists launch a military coup.
 * <span style="font-family: 'times new roman','serif'; font-size: 30px;">Nur Mohammed Taraki becomes president of Afghanistan

**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">December 25, 1979: ** <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 30px;"> Soviet Union Troops invades Afghanistan

Connections to //The Kite Runner//
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">"In 1933, the year Baba was born and the year Zahir Shah began his forty-year reign of Afghanistan..." (pg. 24).
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">"The end, the official end, would come first in April 1978 with the communist coup d'etat, and then in Decemer 1979, when Russian tanks would roll into the very same streets where Hassan and I played..." (pg. 36).
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">"Something roared like thunder. The earth shook a little and we heard the //rat-a-tat-tat// of gunfire" (pg. 35).
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">"Sofia Akrami, a highly educated woman universally regarded as one of Kabul's most respected, beautiful, and virtuous ladies. And not only did she teach classic Farsi literature at the university, she was a descendant of the royal family..." (pg. 15).
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 21px;">"For the next couple of years, the words //economic development// and //reform// danced on a lot of lips in Kabul. The constitutional monarchy had need abolished, replaced by a republic, led by a president of the republic" (pg. 43).

References

//[1] A historical timeline of afghanistan//. (2006, October 3). Retrieved from [] // [2] //Afghanistan. (2006). In J. Merriman & J. Winter (Eds.), //Europe Since 1914: Encyclopedia of the Age of War and Reconstruction// (Vol. 1, pp. 13-16). Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons. Retrieved from [|http://ic.galegroup.com] //[3]// 1950. //King Zahir Shah of Afghanistan.// Retrieved March 18, 2012 from: //[4]// James A. Cudney (1959). //Mohammed Daoud Khan// [photograph] Retrieved March 17, 2012 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mohammed-Daoud-Khan.jpg