Pravda

** "TRUTH" ** "No one believes more firmly than Comrade Napoleon that all animals are equal. He would be only too happy to let you make your decisions for yourselves. But sometimes you might make the wrong decisions, comrades, and then where should we be?" (4)

The Evolution of Pravda "The paper's objective was to 'illuminate the path of the Russian worker's movement with the international socialist and democracy light, spread the truth among workers about friends and enemies of the working class, watch over the interest of the worker's policy...'." (8)(p.39)
 * Published on April 22, 1912 in **Moscow, Russia**
 * Founded in St. Petersburg, Russia
 * Created on **Lenin's** initiative, editor-in-chief
 * First daily legal worker's newspaper
 * Official organ of the **Communist** Party
 * Supported by Lenin to **promote** the strategy and tactics of the **Bolshevik** Party
 * ** Outrageous propaganda persuasion techniques **

//For extended examples and information, visit [|PBS] (6)//

Squealer No Squealing "Surely, comrades, you do not want Jones back?" (4)(p. 39)
 * Otherwise known as **Squealer** in __Animal Farm__
 * Is a pig, along with Snowball and Napoleon
 * In **Napoleon's** "inner circle" of comrades
 * Spreads Napoleon's propaganda
 * **Twists stories** to appear more emotionally appealing
 * Sways the animals **towards** Napoleon's ideas
 * Has the ability to use his persuasion to make animals believe him

//[|Click here] for a short clip from the 1954 movie "Animal Farm" about Squealer (1)//

Parallels // **Pravda** is portrayed through **Squealer.** //


 * "...those who distributed papers, //Iskra, Pravda,//became party organizers. Readers became party members. Factory workers paid attention to party papers" (5)
 * Squealer "distributed" new persuasive thoughts to the animals, similar to Pravda's information given to the people. (i.e. Boxer as the hardworking factory worker who listens to Squealer's speeches)
 * Pravda published Communism's simple catchphrases such as "Workers of the World Unite!" and "Bread, Peace, & Land"(8)
 * As Snowball implemented "Four legs good, two legs bad", Squealer encouraged it as well
 * "Do you know what would happen if we pig failed in our duty? Jones would come back! Yes, Jones would come back!" (4)
 * The quote above shows Squealer promotes the new form of power, which is Napoleon.
 * "Lenin used Pravda to guide Bolshevik party members thought the twists and turns of the revolution" (7)
 * " 'Ah, that is different!' said Boxer. 'If Comrade Napoleon says it, it must be right.' 'That is the true spirit, comrade!' cried Squealer..." (4)
 * No matter the unfortunate event, Squealer was always available to guide the animals through the revolution with encouraging words derived from Napoleon's views.
 * "Equally important, propagandists realized that if they wanted to build a new society, one imbued with new myths, new rituals, new icon Communists had to do away with the old. To make room for the new they had to tear down the old" (6)
 * With Pravda suggesting the Communist ideas such as taking away the old, Squealer did as well regarding the "Beasts of England".
 * " 'It's no longer needed, comrade,' said Squealer stiffly. '//Beasts of England// was the song of the Rebellion. But the Rebellion is now completed...' " (4)(p. 61)
 * The quote above shows Squealer encouraging a change for the new, to eliminate the old ways.
 * "Communists lauded on the front pages of Pravda and bedecked with prestigious medals for exceptional work in building that key to a workers' state, heavy industrial plants, suddenly landed on page one accused of ‘treason, wrecking, and preparation of terrorist acts against industry.’" (6)
 * Like the Communists published persuading ideas on Pravda, Squealer was able to make the animals believe anything was either good or bad depending on how he said it.
 * "Afterwards Squealer made a round of the farm and set the animals' minda at rest. He assured them that the resolution against engaging in trade and using money had never been passed, or even suggested. It was pure imagination..." (4)(p. 45)
 * The quote above shows Squealer's impressive ability to make the animals believe any idea of his.

References

**(1)** //Animal Farm 1954//. (2011). Retrieved from http://livingbehindthegates.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/7- commandments1.gif

**(2)** Burnett, A. (2008). //Newspaper of the week: Pravda//. Retrieved from

_ http://newsfromnowhere1948.blogspot.com/2008/08/newspaper-of-week-pravda.html

**(3)** //Living behind the gates//. (2011). Retrieved from http://livingbehindthegates.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/7- commandments1.gif

**(4)** Orwell, G. (1997). //Animal farm//. Philadelphia: Harcourt Press.

**(5)** Pravda. (2012). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved from http://www.school.eb.com/eb/article-9061216

**(6)** //Red Files//. (1999). Retrieved from www.pbs.org

**(7)** Specter, M. (1996, July 31). Russia's Purveyor of 'truth', Pravda, Dies After 84 Years. //The New York Times//. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com

**(8)** The first issue of ‘Pravda’ newspaper published. (2009). //Boris Yeltsin Presidential// //Library.// Retrieved from http://www.prlib.ru